Severe aortic stenosis is a heart condition characterized by a significant narrowing of the aortic valve, obstructing blood flow from the heart to the body. The primary cause of severe aortic stenosis in older adults is calcific degeneration, a process where calcium deposits build up on valve leaflets, causing them to thicken and stiffen over time. In younger individuals, congenital heart defects, such as a bicuspid aortic valve, can predispose them to early-onset aortic stenosis. Rheumatic fever, a complication of untreated streptococcal infections, can also damage the aortic valve, leading to stenosis. Symptoms of severe aortic stenosis can vary depending on the degree of narrowing and the individual’s overall health. Diagnosis involves a combination of clinical evaluation and diagnostic testing, including an echocardiogram, electrocardiography (ECG), chest X-rays, and cardiac catheterization.
Aortic valve replacement is the primary treatment for severe degenerative aortic stenosis, which cannot be reversed by medications. Traditional open-heart surgery involves a sternotomy to replace the diseased valve with a mechanical or biological prosthesis. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) offers a less invasive alternative for elderly patients or those with significant comorbidities. TAVI involves inserting a catheter through the femoral artery, guiding it to the aortic valve, and deploying a new valve mounted on a stent, restoring blood flow. The choice between traditional surgery and TAVI depends on individual patient factors and is best determined by a multidisciplinary heart team.
Mrs. Saradha Addepalli from Vijayawada successfully underwent TAVI Surgery for Severe Aortic Stenosis at Yashoda Hospitals, Hyderabad, under the supervision of Dr. B. Venkat Reddy, Consultant Interventional Cardiologist.