Multiple myeloma is a cancer that forms in plasma cells, which are white blood cells that produce antibodies. These cancerous plasma cells accumulate in the bone marrow and cause abnormal antibodies, known as M proteins, which can cause damage to organs and tissues. The exact causes of multiple myeloma are not fully understood, but risk factors include older age, male gender, African American ethnicity, a history of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), exposure to radiation, certain chemicals, and a family history of multiple myeloma. Symptoms include bone pain, weakness, fatigue, frequent infections, easy bruising or bleeding, weight loss, nausea, constipation, and frequent urination. As the disease progresses, it can lead to complications such as anemia, hypercalcemia, kidney damage, and bone fractures. Diagnosis involves blood and urine tests, bone marrow biopsy, and imaging studies.
Multiple myeloma treatment has come a long way, with the goal of controlling the disease, easing symptoms, and increasing survival. As the first step in treatment, induction therapy lowers the number of myeloma cells by using specific drugs such as proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, and corticosteroids. For younger, healthier patients, autologous bone marrow transplants (BMT) are considered, which involve collecting the patient’s own stem cells before high-dose chemotherapy. After the transplant, the patient receives maintenance therapy to prolong remission and prevent relapse. Supportive care, such as bisphosphonates and growth factors, is crucial. Targeted therapies, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy are some other treatments that can be used for people with relapsed or refractory myeloma who are not good candidates for transplant. Novel therapies like monoclonal antibodies and CAR T-cell therapy are also promising.
Mr. D. Harinath from Secunderabad successfully underwent Autologous Bone Marrow Transplant for Multiple Myeloma at Yashoda Hospitals, Hyderabad, under the supervision of Dr. Ganesh Jaishetwar, Consultant Hematologist, Hemato-Oncologist & Bone Marrow Transplant Physician.