Multiple myeloma is a cancer involving abnormal plasma cells, which are crucial for the immune system. These cells multiply uncontrollably in the bone marrow, producing a monoclonal antibody (M protein) with no useful function. The exact cause is not fully understood, but several risk factors include advanced age, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), radiation exposure, certain chemicals, and a family history of myeloma. The uncontrolled proliferation of myeloma cells in the bone marrow leads to various symptoms, including bone pain, anemia, hypercalcemia, kidney damage, increased susceptibility to infections, and neurological symptoms. Diagnosis involves blood and urine tests, bone marrow biopsy, and imaging studies. Blood tests reveal the presence of M proteins, elevated calcium levels, and anemia, while urine tests detect Bence-Jones proteins. Bone marrow biopsy confirms the diagnosis and determines the percentage of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Imaging studies assess bone damage, identify plasmacytomas, and evaluate disease extent.
Multiple myeloma treatment aims to control the disease, relieve symptoms, and improve survival. Treatment strategies are tailored to individual patient factors, including age, overall health, and disease stage. For eligible patients, high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is the standard approach. For patients ineligible for ASCT or with relapsed/refractory myeloma, treatment typically involves combinations of novel agents, proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, and monoclonal antibodies. Corticosteroids are often used in combination with these agents. Maintenance therapy prolongs remission after initial treatment, while radiation therapy treats localized bone pain or plasmacytomas.
Mr. A. Madhukar Bhaurao from Maharashtra successfully received treatment for Multiple Myeloma at Yashoda Hospitals, Hyderabad, under the supervision of Dr. Ganesh Jaishetwar, Consultant Hematologist, Hemato-Oncologist & Bone Marrow Transplant Physician.