Movement Disorders Diseases & Conditions

Depending upon the types of abnormal movements the disease conditions can be classified as below

Hypokinetic movement disorders:

• Parkinson’s disease
• Atypical parkinsonism (PSP, MSA, LBD, CBD, etc..)

Hyperkinetic movement disorders:

• Tremors
• Dystonia
• Myoclonus
• Chorea
• Tics
• Hemifacial spasm
• Tardive dyskinesia
• Restless leg syndrome (RLS)

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive neurological condition, characterized predominantly by the gradual degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in a specific region of the brain called the substantia nigra.

• Dystonia: Dystonia causes involuntary muscle spasms or contractions, resulting in twisting or jerking movements and unusual body positions. It can affect almost any part of the body, with most cases involving only one area. Common types include cervical dystonia (torticollis), which affects the neck muscles, causing abnormal head movements; blepharospasm, characterized by excessive blinking or eye spasms; and oromandibular dystonia, affecting the face muscles and jaw.
• Essential tremor (ET) is the most common movement disorder, also referred to as benign essential tremor, familial tremor, or hereditary tremor. People with ET experience uncontrollable shaking (tremor) in various body parts, such as the hands, head, or voice. This condition typically begins in adulthood and may worsen gradually with age.
• Huntington’s disease (HD) is a familial brain condition where nerve cells break down over time. It usually starts between ages 30 and 50 but can begin earlier. HD affects movement, behavior, thinking, and personality. The main symptom is uncontrolled movements called chorea, but it also causes speech and walking problems.
• Wilson’s disease is a genetic condition where a faulty gene leads to excessive copper buildup in the brain, liver, and other organs. Symptoms typically appear in childhood or early adulthood and include involuntary movements, balance issues, speech difficulties, and liver problems. Early diagnosis and treatment can lead to a normal life.
• Normal Pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a neurological condition characterized by an abnormal buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain’s ventricles, leading to symptoms such as gait disturbance, urinary incontinence, and cognitive impairment.
• Ataxia: It happens when different parts of the nervous system don’t work together properly, often due to damage in the brain, spinal cord, or nerves. Symptoms of ataxia include trouble standing or walking, shaky movements, slurred speech, and dizziness.