Any trauma to the scalp, skull, or brain—whether open or closed—is considered a head injury. The brain may swell after a head injury and there is very little space for the brain to enlarge because the skull covers it. This raises the pressure inside the skull, which...
Hip surgery is often required when the joint becomes badly injured, resulting in discomfort and immobility. Hip replacement surgery is a procedure in which the surgeon creates an incision across the side of the thigh, removes the damaged parts of the hip joint, and...
Scalp reconstruction is a surgical procedure used on patients who have congenital or acquired partial or full-thickness scalp abnormalities. Tissue expansion is a procedure that employs mechanical stimulation to initiate tissue proliferation in order to produce soft...
Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital (existing from birth) heart abnormality that affects normal blood flow through the heart. Tests like echocardiography, electrocardiograms, chest x-rays, pulse oximetry, and cardiac catheterization can be used to diagnose it. During...
Aspiration pneumonia is a condition in which fluid from the stomach aspirates into the lungs, causing lung disorders such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ARDS is an inflammatory lung injury in which the fluid-filled alveoli leave less room for air,...